In some cases, there may be a basis for using only variable or incremental (e.g. marginal) costs, because the transactions represent a disposal of marginal production. Such a claim could be justified if the goods could not be sold at a higher price in the relevant foreign market (see also the discussion of market penetration in Chapter I). Factors that could be taken into account in evaluating such a claim include information on whether the taxpayer has any other sales of the same or similar products in that particular foreign market, the percentage of the taxpayers’ production (in both volume and value terms) that the claimed “marginal production” represents, the term of the arrangement, and details of the marketing analysis that was undertaken by the taxpayer or MNE group which led to the conclusion that the goods could not be sold at a higher price in that foreign market.
TPG2022 Chapter II paragraph 2.57
Posted on | By OECD
Category: OECD Transfer Pricing Guidelines (2022), TPG 2022 Chapter II: Transfer Pricing Methods | Tag: Cost plus method, Disposal of marginal production, Traditional transaction methods, Transfer pricing methods
« Prev |
Next » Related Guidelines
- TPG2022 Chapter II paragraph 2.55 In principle historical costs should be attributed to individual units of production, although admittedly the cost plus method may over- emphasize historical costs. Some costs, for example costs of materials, labour, and transport will vary over a period and in such a case it may be appropriate to average the...
- TPG2022 Chapter II Annex II example 14 74. Below are some illustrations of the effect of choosing a measure of profits to determine the relevant profits to be split when applying a transactional profit split Scenario 1 74. Assume A and B are two associated enterprises situated in two different tax jurisdictions. Both manufacture the same widgets...
- TPG2022 Chapter II Annex II example 3 10. Company A and Company B are members of an MNE group that sells electronic appliances. For the launch of a new line of products, Company A will be responsible for its design, development and manufacturing whereas Company B will undertake the marketing functions and the global distribution of the...
- TPG2022 Chapter II paragraph 2.53 While precise accounting standards and terms may vary, in general the costs and expenses of an enterprise are understood to be divisible into three broad categories. First, there are the direct costs of producing a product or service, such as the cost of raw materials. Second, there are indirect costs...
- TPG2022 Chapter II paragraph 2.157 However, except in circumstances where the total activities of each of the parties are the subject of the profit split, the financial data will need to be segregated and allocations made in accordance with the accurately delineated transaction(s) so that the profits relating to the combined contributions made by the...
- TPG2022 Chapter III paragraph 3.28 On the other hand, internal comparables are not always more reliable and it is not the case that any transaction between a taxpayer and an independent party can be regarded as a reliable comparable for controlled transactions carried on by the same taxpayer. Internal comparables where they exist must satisfy...
- TPG2022 Chapter II paragraph 2.28 The resale price margin of the reseller in the controlled transaction may be determined by reference to the resale price margin that the same reseller earns on items purchased and sold in comparable uncontrolled transactions (“internal comparable”). Also, the resale price margin earned by an independent enterprise in comparable uncontrolled...
- TPG2022 Chapter II paragraph 2.59 A is a domestic manufacturer of timing mechanisms for mass- market clocks. A sells this product to its foreign subsidiary B. A earns a 5% gross profit mark up with respect to its manufacturing operation. X, Y, and Z are independent domestic manufacturers of timing mechanisms for mass- market watches....
- Transfer Pricing in the Mining Industry Like other sectors of the economy, there are base erosion and profit shifting risks in the mining sector. Based on the ongoing work on BEPS, the IGF (Intergovernmental Forum on Mining) and OECD has released guidance for source countries on transfer pricing in the mining sector. The transfer pricing and...