Tag: Gross profits

The gross profits from a business transaction are the amount computed by deducting from the gross receipts of the transaction the allocable purchases or production costs of sales, with due adjustment for increases or decreases in inventory or stock-in-trade, but without taking account of other expenses.

TPG2022 Chapter II paragraph 2.162

/ Different measures of profit, Gross profits, Measures of profit, OECD Transfer Pricing Guidelines (2022), Operating profits, Profit split method (PSM), Splitting gross profits, TPG 2022 Chapter II: Transfer Pricing Methods, Transfer pricing methods, Transfer Pricing Methods
Most commonly, the relevant profits to be split under the transactional profit split method are operating profits. Applying the transactional profit split method in this manner ensures that both income and expenses of the MNE are attributed to the relevant associated enterprise on a consistent basis. However, depending on the accurate delineation of the transaction, it may be appropriate to split a different measure of profits such as gross profits, and then deduct the expenses incurred by or attributable to each relevant enterprise (excluding expenses already taken into account). In such cases, care must be taken to ensure that the expenses incurred by or attributable to each enterprise are consistent with the accurate delineation of the trans- action, particularly the activities and risks undertaken by each party, and that the allocation of profits is likewise consistent with the contributions of the parties ... Read more

TPG2022 Chapter II paragraph 2.43

/ Gross profits, OECD Transfer Pricing Guidelines (2022), Operating expenses or costs of sales, Resale price method (RPM), TPG 2022 Chapter II: Transfer Pricing Methods, Traditional transaction methods, Transfer pricing methods, Transfer Pricing Methods, Warranty
Assume that a warranty is offered with respect to all products so that the downstream price is uniform. Distributor C performs the warranty function but is, in fact, compensated by the supplier through a lower price. Distributor D does not perform the warranty function which is performed by the supplier (products are sent back to the factory). However, Distributor D’s supplier charges D a higher price than is charged to Distributor C. If Distributor C accounts for the cost of performing the warranty function as a cost of goods sold, then the adjustment in the gross profit margins for the differences is automatic. However, if the warranty expenses are accounted for as operating expenses, there is a distortion in the margins which must be corrected. The reasoning in this case would be that, if D performed the warranty itself, its supplier would reduce the transfer price, and therefore, D’s gross profit margin would be greater ... Read more

TPG2018 Chapter II paragraph 2.162

/ Different measures of profit, Gross profits, Measures of profit, OECD Transfer Pricing Guidelines (2017), Operating profits, Profit split method (PSM), Splitting gross profits, Transfer pricing methods
Most commonly, the relevant profits to be split under the transactional profit split method are operating profits. Applying the transactional profit split method in this manner ensures that both income and expenses of the MNE are attributed to the relevant associated enterprise on a consistent basis. However, depending on the accurate delineation of the transaction, it may be appropriate to split a different measure of profits such as gross profits, and then deduct the expenses incurred by or attributable to each relevant enterprise (excluding expenses already taken into account). In such cases, care must be taken to ensure that the expenses incurred by or attributable to each enterprise are consistent with the accurate delineation of the transaction, particularly the activities and risks undertaken by each party, and that the allocation of profits is likewise consistent with the contributions of the parties ... Read more

TPG2017 Chapter II paragraph 2.43

/ Gross profits, OECD Transfer Pricing Guidelines (2017), Operating expenses or costs of sales, Resale price method (RPM), Traditional transaction methods, Transfer pricing methods, Warranty
Assume that a warranty is offered with respect to all products so that the downstream price is uniform. Distributor C performs the warranty function but is, in fact, compensated by the supplier through a lower price. Distributor D does not perform the warranty function which is performed by the supplier (products are sent back to the factory). However, Distributor D’s supplier charges D a higher price than is charged to Distributor C. If Distributor C accounts for the cost of performing the warranty function as a cost of goods sold, then the adjustment in the gross profit margins for the differences is automatic. However, if the warranty expenses are accounted for as operating expenses, there is a distortion in the margins which must be corrected. The reasoning in this case would be that, if D performed the warranty itself, its supplier would reduce the transfer price, and therefore, D’s gross profit margin would be greater ... Read more