Where the purpose of the valuation technique is to isolate the projected cash flows associated with an intangible, it may be necessary to evaluate and quantify the effect of projected future income taxes on the projected cash flows. Tax effects to be considered include: (i) taxes projected to be imposed on future cash flows, (ii) tax amortisation benefits projected to be available to the transferee, if any, and (iii) taxes projected to be imposed on the transferor as a result of the transfer, if any.
TPG2022 Chapter VI paragraph 6.178
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By OECD
Category: OECD Transfer Pricing Guidelines (2022), TPG2022 Chapter VI: Special Considerations for Intangibles | Tag: Discounted Cash Flow (DCF), Financial projections, Intangibles, Tax Amortisation Benefit (TAB), Tax effects, Valuation, Valuation method, Valuation technique
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- TPG2022 Chapter VI paragraph 6.157Valuation techniques that estimate the discounted value of projected future cash flows derived from the exploitation of the transferred intangible or intangibles can be particularly useful when properly applied. There are many variations of these valuation techniques. In general terms, such techniques measure the value of an intangible by the...
- TPG2022 Chapter VI paragraph 6.177In this regard, where specific intangibles contribute to continuing cash flows beyond the period for which reasonable financial projections exist, it will sometimes be the case that a terminal value for the intangible related cash flows is calculated. Where terminal values are used in valuation calculations, the assumptions underlying their...
- TPG2022 Chapter VI paragraph 6.169A key element of some cash flow projections that should be carefully examined is the projected growth rate. Often projections of future cash flows are based on current cash flows (or assumed initial cash flows after product introduction in the case of partially developed intangibles) expanded by reference to a...
- TPG2022 Chapter VI paragraph 6.168Where, for the foregoing reasons, or any other reason, there is a basis to believe that the projections behind the valuation are unreliable or speculative, attention should be given to the guidance in Section D.3 and D.4....
- TPG2022 Chapter VI paragraph 6.167When deciding whether to include development costs in the cash flow projections it is important to consider the nature of the transferred intangible. Some intangibles may have indefinite useful lives and may be continually developed. In these situations it is appropriate to include future development costs in the cash flow...
- TPG2022 Chapter VI paragraph 6.164In evaluating financial projections, the source and purpose of the projections can be particularly important. In some cases, taxpayers will regularly prepare financial projections for business planning purposes. It can be that such analyses are used by management of the business in making business and investment decisions. It is usually...
- TPG2022 Chapter VI paragraph 6.163The reliability of a valuation of a transferred intangible using discounted cash flow valuation techniques is dependent on the accuracy of the projections of future cash flows or income on which the valuation is based. However, because the accuracy of financial projections is contingent on developments in the marketplace that...
- TPG2022 Chapter II paragraph 2.175For instance, where an asset-based profit splitting factor is used, it may be based on data extracted from the balance sheets of the parties to the transaction. It will often be the case that not all the assets of the taxpayers relate to the transaction at hand and that accordingly...
- TPG2022 Chapter VI paragraph 6.176In some circumstances, particular intangibles may contribute to the generation of cash flow in years after the legal protections have expired or the products to which they specifically relate have ceased to be marketed. This can be the case in situations where one generation of intangibles forms the base for...
- TPG2022 Chapter VI paragraph 6.175The projected useful life of particular intangibles is a question to be determined on the basis of all of the relevant facts and circumstances. The useful life of a particular intangible can be affected by the nature and duration of the legal protections afforded the intangible. The useful life of...
Supplemental Guidance
- EU – JTPF Report on the Application of Economic Valuation Techniques (2017)The Study on the Application of Economic Valuation Techniques for Determining Transfer Prices of Cross Border Transactions between Members of Multinational Enterprise Groups in the EU provides an overview on how valuation techniques can practically and most efficiently be used for transfer pricing purposes in the EU, particularly for transactions...
- EU Study on the Application of Economic Valuation Techniques (2016)Application of Economic Valuation Techniques for Determining Transfer Prices of Cross Border Transactions....